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America and Americans

Finally managed to get myself back to reading Steinbeck. I read all of "America and Americans" this morning; a fascinating and nuanced essay about the development of America into the (1966) modern age. Consistant with his later writings (see Travels With Charley) and even his more "radical" early writings (e.g. In Dubious Battle) he demonstrates that his sympathies are with people rather than causes. Those who wrote him off as a "Lefty Communist", or who were shocked that such a staunch "Advocate of The People" could express support for the American Soldier in Vietnam never got the man in the first place.

Clarence Darrow on Capital Punishment

I pulled this book from the shelf at the UCC library on a whim, and began reading it. This book begins with the text of a debate between Mr Darrow and the Honorable Alfred J. Tally of New York on the resolution "That Capital Punishment is a wise public policy." Though I am not convinced that capital punishment is without its application, I think it was clear that Mr Darrow carried the debate. The second portion of the book is Mr Darrow's rather extensive plea for mercy in the case of Leopold and Loeb, delivered over three days. There is no doubt but that he was a passionate advocate for his clients, and he was clearly effective. Neither of the two were executed; Richard Loeb was killed in prison by an inmate, and Nathan Leopold died at age 66 in Puerto Rico. This book left me pining for real public debate. To have two people get in front of an audience and argue both sides of a topic is in no way replaced by either the solo rants of pundits, or the round table rhetoric of Sunday morning panel discussions.

Predictably Irrational

Much of my personal study since working at Mercury Markets has centered on the way human reasoning fails; driven on by the blatant manifestations of confirmation bias and the narrative bias I saw on display there. 

The latest in a long line of books that I have investigated in Predictably Irrational by Dan Areily. While I am only into the second chapter, there is an example in there of pure irrational behavior that resonates with me and I think is likely to resonate with everyone else who reads this. We will try to justify it in our heads, but from a purely economic perspective the behavior is inexplicable. This is not his example exactly.

Imagine you are at a store; you are buying a blender (or some other moderately priced item) and the price tag is $50. Now suppose you are at the register when someone tells you that the same item is available at another branch of the same store for $25 and that they have the item in stock. Traveling to the other branch will take about a half hour. Would you run to the other store? While most of us would agree that the circumstances would to some extent dictate their likelihood to pop cross town, I think most would admit that they would be tempted.

Now lets assume you are buying a new leather sofa. It's going to cost you $3000. As you prepare to pay, the clerk tells you that another branch of the same store has the same sofa, in stock, for $2975. Traveling to the other branch will take about a half hour. Would you run to the other store? Here I believe most people would admit that they are less tempted to make the trip, I know I would be unlikely to bother. 

So whats going on here? It would seem that our time doesn't have a fixed value. In one scenario we would be sorely tempted to blow a half-hour to save $25 and in the other it doesn't seem worth the effort. While the tradeoff is precisely the same we seem to be driven to look at the problem to some extent as proportional. In one case we are saving fifty percent and in the other we are saving about eight tenths of a percent; one feels worth it and the other does not. I am of the opinion that Homo economicus is no more than a branch of Eoanthropus dawsoni; hacked together to serve an agenda.

Harry Harrison Short Stories

The nook, the train, and free short-stories in ePub format go together like a house on fire. Following up on two Harry Harrison books I burned through a collection of his short stories.
  • Arm of the Law: A new robotic deputy brings law and order to a backwoods town on a backwoods world.
  • Navy Day: What happens when the army develops a new technology they claim makes the navy obsolete?
  • The K-Factor: What can you do with a operable model of social movements?
  • The Missplaced Battleship: A very early appearance of stainless steel rat single-handedly stalking a rogue warship.
  • The Repairman: A universe fairing repair man has to fix a device the planets natives have adopted into their religion.
  • The Velvet Glove: A waterproof robot, trying to make his way in a bigoted world, finds himself in over his head.

Deathworld by Harry Harrison

Exploring very similar themes to Planet of the Damned in a very similar universe, this book tells the story of a small population of people constantly under siege by a planet that wants the dead so badly that the flora and fauna rapidly evolve newer and deadlier forms. This story foreshadows Avatar.

Planet of the Damned

Every now and again I go through a sci-fi reading phase. Discovering the availability of a bunch of old Harry Harrison books and stories on feedbooks seems to have kickstarted another one of them. This first of my glut is set in the type of classic space opera universe popular in the mid-20th century. Mankind is scattered across the universe, many on planets which have forced evolution of people to match an inhospitable environment. Here, people who have adapted to a desert planet and devolved socially, find them selves at odds with a neighboring world who is reluctantly preparing to destroy the planet to avoid their own destruction. Only the new member of shadowy organization bent on ensuring mankind's apotheoses has a chance of averting the war.

The Failure of Risk Management

This is a followup book to How to Measure Anything, which details what the author sees as the standard errors and failures in the way businesses manage risk. I agree strongly with the thesis. The sequencing of the two books is interesting; where the first book provides techniques, the second provides a stronger argument justifying those techniques. The two books are strong companions and will reward reading by anyone with a need to manage risk.

Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

The basis for Apocalypse Now; this is the story of an English steamboat captain going up a river in Africa in the service of a Belgian trading company to the ivory outpost controlled by a man named Kurtz. The contrast of various types of insanity is the core theme of the story comparing the "civilized" mistreatment of the natives at the hands of the company with the "uncivilized" mistreatment by Mr Kurtz.
I am one of those people fascinated by language.  I own several dictionaries, etymologies, and usage guides; my favorite being the Oxford English Dictionary. I picked The Meaning of Everything up on a whim at Bookman's corner about a month ago. Written by the same author as The Professor and the Madman, this latter book is also about the genesis of the OED, but is more a history of the dictionary's development, and less of a human story. I would recommend anyone with a serious interest in the OED to read it, those not so philologically inclined may be better sticking with the authors earlier work.

Nudge by Thaler and Sunstein

A very interesting discussion of a concept the authors call "Libertarian Paternalism." Drawing initially on the research in predictable human cognitive bias the book proposes a mentality that allows both for designing "choice architectures" which preserve sufficient individual options (libertarian) while structuring the options such that the chooser is pushed towards a "best" option in proportion to their personal tendency to avoid choosing in the first place. Examples include rather than forcing motorcycle drivers to wear a helmet, requiring those that go helmet-less to carry supplemental insurance; placing the healthy food at eye level in school cafeterias; and making contributions to employer provided savings plans opt-out rather than opt-in. The authors suggest what they refer to as the "publicity principal" to protect the public from self-interested nudges; announce in advance precisely what behavior you are optimizing for. If you fear talking openly about it you probably shouldn't be influencing people. I was surprised, about half way through this book to realize that I may well already be something of an adherent to the philosophy.
While the book is the inspiration for Ridley Scott's Sci Fi Classic, Blade Runner, it has a clear life of its own. The book is a very interesting meditation on empathy and humanity and what constitutes "real" and "artificial". While this last theme is well worn in the genre, especially in the works of the Cyberpunk authors of the eighties and nineties, Philip K. Dick's offering is worthy of the attention it has deserved.
Interesting. I was hoping for a bit more of an exposition on skeptical methods then I received, but the historical discussion of fire-eaters, poison-eaters, and the like was amusing.
I have read several of Petroski's books and have yet to be disappointed, many of his works are deap dives into the development of a specific artifact such as the pencil or the book.  Here Petroski looks at the art and history of artifact design, showing how the failure of current artifacts to perform their function perfectly is the main driving force of development, with the often completely artificial association of a specific form with a specific function tempering the inventors ability to completely revamp a product.  

The evolution of the humble paperclip commands its own chapter, and the proliferation of silverware and the currently accepted forms makes several appearances.  

This is a book that can be well enjoyed in small bites, perfect bedside reading. 
As I find happens often, I came to this book while reading another. Bob Hanmer gave me a copy of Apprenticeship Patterns for my 40th Birthday.  The introduction referred to this book as part of its inspiration.  Searching for Ms Dweck on line I came across a reference to her work in  Malcom Gladwell's New Yorker article The Talent Myth from 2004 which presages his later book "Outliers".  I figured if old Malcom liked her I should give her a look myself. 

The thesis of the book is that there is a strong dichotomy in the way people view talent, intelligence and ability; there are those who see them as an inherent characteristic and others who see them as a learnable traits. She asserts that parents, modern education, and much of society drives children to adopt the former mindset; its the lucky person who manages to retain, or relearn the latter. She points out that society seems to favor talent over hard work, going so far as to ignore the effort made by our heros to get where they are. She shows, primarily through anecdote (more on that in a moment) situations which contrast the "Fixed Mindset" vs the "Growth Mindset", from education, to sports, to business. 

I should point out that I accept the thesis, I can even point to moments in my own life that seem rather clearer when viewed through this lens.  What I had trouble with is the presentation.  I think it might be endemic of popular psychology books (and business books for that matter) to present ones ideas, and so "prove" them, by stringing together a series of anecdotes that support them.  Call me incredulous, but I prefer more falsifiability in my science. To be fair I didn't follow her references, but, as I said, neither am I attacking her conclusions. I think that the ideas she presents are worthy of trial in my own life and intend to make an effort to apply them.


A fine book, now in the public domain, that provides a great overview of what goes into becoming a strong public speaker. The language is dated (though I love it) and some of the suggested themes would get one driven from a public hall in this more "enlightened" age, but anyone who wants to become a better speaker would benefit from this text.
Written in the eighteenth century, this is a very challenging read; but to my mind well worth the effort. Some of the sharpest wit in print and on occasion bawdy to a degree that might still raise an eyebrow today, this book took a decade to write, and nearly as long for me to read. An homage to diversion, the book gets lost in the details, not getting to the actual birth of the principal character until several hundred pages into the book. By that point we know the life stories, or large parts there of of every member of the supporting cast.

"Fifty-One Tales," Lord Dunsany

I had not heard of Lord Dunsany before I got hold of an ePub version of this collection of short stories. I was pleasantly surprised. This collection of "short stories" is more a set of vignettes that deal with mankind's relationship to nature; a modern mythology. I enjoyed it.

"Metropolis," Thea von Harbou

This is the book which led to the first Science Fiction film of the same name written by Harbou and directed by Fritz Lang. While the film is defiantly a classic, the medium was still in its infancy and some of the techniques of clear and consistent story telling in moving pictures were yet to be developed. In short, I have seen the film several times and while I got the gist of it the story never became fully clear until I read the book.

The book is melodramatic and the theme is a bit difficult to square with Ms. Harbou's eventual association with the National Socialists, but for anyone who wants a richer understanding of the file I would recommend the book.

Interesting. The tactic of simplifying complex mathematical formulas so that they can serve as "rules of thumb" to be used by the less mathematically inclined is an idea who's time has come. I had a discussion with a professor of statistics about this very thing prior to reading the book. The book declines a bit, as many do, towards the end.
I struggled over how I felt about this book. I would argue that this book is a must-read for anyone who really wants to understand the forces that drive sales in the technology sector; or quite possibly the sales of any type of disruptive innovation. So why only three stars? While the quality of the thesis of a book and the way it structures its argument is critical to my appreciation of it, so too is the overall quality of the presentation. To coin an automotive analogy, if the theme of a book is its drive-train then the quality of the editing is its suspension. This book is a Mercedes with the handling of a Škoda Estelle. What is it about business books that causes editors to give up on page vii? Oh well, if you ever expect to sell something to people who may not see the need for it right off the bat, read this book. But if you care about the quality of the printed work best to start of with a stiff drink.
Fantastic. This is the fourth Petroski book I have read and my favorite second to "The Pencil". The title is in face a double-entendre since this is both a book about the evolution of book storage and a book about the effect that storage needs had on the books themselves. This subject may not interest everyone, but I assure you if you love books half as much as I do you will find Petroski a kindred spirit and "The Book on the Book Shelf" a fascinating story.

A classic tail made all the more entertaining by the fact that the version I read was a small book I typeset, printed and bound myself.

Most Americans who know the name Frankenstein have a poor conception of the actual story. They are surprised to find out that the monster of the original book is not the lumbering monosyllabic hulk that served as the template for Herman Munster but rather a loquacious and dexterous giant.

Few Americans are familiar with the history of the Napoleonic wars. In fact, as I mentioned previously we don't even seem to remember much about our own war in 1812. This book would be a good start for someone with little knowledge about the time but a desire to learn more.

The book, written from the British historical perspective, Is a very good introduction to the military campaigns, especially those that came after Arthur Wellesly took to the field. There is enough historical perspective to give you some understanding of both Lord Wellington's and Bonaparte's personal histories but the reader wont come away from this book with a profound understanding of early 19th century Europe.

Very well written and surprisingly engaging book about the art of scientific communication. both a great companion and counterpoint to Day's "How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper."

"On the Shortness of Life," Seneca

I think everyone should read the work of the Stoics; especially that of Seneca who had a knack for explaining the fundamental tenants of the philosophy in plain language. This is the second book of his works that I have read, and I think one that I will return to with some frequency.
Fantastic. A great follow up read to his "Basic Economics." While this book might be lumped in with other "conservative" writings, this is a book that is sure to offend most ideologies. Mr Sowell takes aim at any institution; legal, governmental, religious, or intellectual; that would place limits on the behavior of individuals in the service of some sort of prescriptive ideal.
I had always assumed that something happened between the Revolutionary War and the Civil war, however I feel woefully uninformed about 80 years of American history. This book provides enough information to carry you share of a cocktail party conversation about the war if you tend to find yourself at cocktail parties where conversations about nineteenth century wars are germane. There are probably more complete treatments.

Thornton speaks the way Seurat painted; a point here, a point there and voilà an image emerges; and that image is invariably insightful. To try to bang his stream (nay torrent!)-of-consciousness into an unbroken paragraph seems a task worthy of Hercules, let alone trying to weave it together into a book.

First, let me say this is a successful book. Second, let me ask "who the heck edited it?" Its replete with examples like: "known [by it's acronym] FOQA for Flight Quality and Operations Assurance" which are forgivable when they fall from the pen of an author, but which smack of negligent editing when they make it to print.

Though burdened both by the task of bottling Thornton's hurricane and by woeful editing, the book is an effective clarion call to "business" to get off of its collective empirical keister and really analyze the data that surrounds it. The book is short on falsifiability and long on anecdote; but then its not the bugler's job to justify Reveille, he just awakens the army.

I thoroughly enjoyed this book. I have been fascinated by emergent systems since I saw a demo of swarming behavior back in the day. This book does a great job of showing how a small number of simple rules can create a network that mimics the organization of everything from the Internet to the web of chemical reactions in the cell. It also explains why Kevin Bacon isn't all that connected relatively speaking and we should be playing four degrees of Donald Pleasence.

I was at the Half Priced Books on lane avenue looking for something by Seneca when a helpful man suggested that I have a look at this book. He pointed out that "much of it was drawn from seneca and his stoic philosophy." It was only $4 so I obliged. I'm glad that I did.

This book traces an arc through philosophy: Socrates -> Epicures -> Seneca -> Montaigne -> Schopenhauer -> Neitzche. It was my first exposure to Montaigne and Schopenhauer and taught me that I knew very little about Socrates, Epicures, and Neitzche. The language of the book made what is typically a very difficult subject very approachable.

Highly recommended for anyone who wondered why the heck we should give a crap about the famous thinkers of history.

Prejudice of education

From Laurence Sterne's "The LIfe and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman" Volume 2 (according to the latter editions) Chapter XLVIII. Here Tristram is speaking of his father:

--Prejudice of education, he would say, is the devil,--and the multitudes of them which we suck in with our mother's milk--are the devil and all.--We are haunted with them, brother Toby, in all our lucubrations and researches; and was a man fool enough to submit tamely to what they obtruded upon him,--what would his book be? Nothing,--he would add, throwing his pen away with a vengeance,--nothing but a farrago of the clack of nurses, and of the nonsense of the old women (of both sexes) throughout the kingdom.

Better

I just finished reading Atul Gawande's "Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance." The publicity I had heard surrounding it led me to believe that, while this book was specifically about surgery and the way surgeons improve, it might be a worthy treatise on the art of improvement in general. While I didn't find its insights quite that universal there are a few points worthy of reflection. I hasten to point out that, though it wasn't quite what I was expecting, its a good read in its own right, both for the case studies of people in the medical profession who have made strides in improving the outcome of patients to the insiders view of a number of the financial and ethical issues facing modern western medicine. Well worth a weekends effort.

Bob Hanmer asked me to read an early draft of his upcoming book "Patterns of Fault Tolerant Software". Intrigued by a reference in the manuscript to "The Timeless Way of Building" by Christopher Alexander I decided to read it myself. Here is the book which, if I understand matters, inspired the software patterns movement. I'm not sure I came away from the book any better a programmer but the almost spiritual trip through the soul of architecture left me both intellectually richer, and far less satisfied with the highly efficient and dehumanizing cookie cutter existence we have been led to accept.

How we Know What Isn't So

Just finished "How we Know What Isn't So" by Thomas Gilovich. A nice "Pop Psychology" book on the sorts of errors in reasoning that people are prone to and the forces that lead up to spurious beliefs. Give a copy to the next person who suggests that your acute social anxiety might be treated by taping a crystal to the back of your hip or screams at you that that Gay Marriage undermines the American family.